Competitive Intelligence · Review

Crayon Review (2026): Breadth for $30,000, the Noise Problem, and Who It Fits

Search for a Crayon review and, after G2 and Gartner, every result is written by a vendor selling an alternative. This one reads Crayon's own pages on the day, its G2 and Capterra listings, Vendr's benchmark, and the Reddit threads where product marketers price it and describe living with it, then adds a section nobody else has: what four AI answer engines cite when asked about Crayon. We also sell a competitor, and we say so where it matters.

By Linkeddit·Updated 4 September 2026·15 min read

Key takeaways

  • No public price. Crayon's pricing link is an inquiry form. Vendr's median on 4 September 2026 is $30,000 a year across 93 purchases, range $12,700 to $46,000, priced by competitors tracked plus seats and tier. A customer on r/ProductMarketing quoted about $45,000 for 15 fully tracked competitors.
  • Crayon is monitoring first. Aggregate collects website and pricing changes, news, reviews, job postings and call recordings; AI scores importance; Sparks generates and schedules content; Measure ties battlecard use to pipeline and influenced revenue. Win-loss comes from CRM data and a Clozd partnership, not interviews.
  • G2 on the day: 4.6 on 385 reviews, 75 percent five-star. Capterra: 4.5 on 8. The praise is breadth and support. The complaints are noise and filtering, a UI that is hard to templatize, Salesforce dependence for ROI, and one recent 'AI features too little too late'.
  • The noise problem is real enough that Crayon's own pages sell the cure: a morning digest of 'the most important insights', AI importance scoring, and Sparks to 'stop manually sifting'. A one-person CI team on Reddit describes leaving the tool to find intel it missed.
  • No MCP server appears on any Crayon page we read. The homepage links a webinar on embedding intel into ChatGPT, Glean and Copilot. Klue leads with a server in the Claude Connector Directory. One third-party comparison claims Crayon markets an MCP server; the page it cites did not say so on the day.
  • Measured on our own 21 buying questions, Crayon was the most-named CI vendor on ChatGPT at 8.1 percent share of voice, was named first in every Claude answer that named it, and was named in 16 answers and recommended in 13 across four engines. Asked for Crayon alternatives, the engines cited G2 and AlphaSense and never crayon.co.
  • Crayon's news page has no press release after March 2024 and its funding record stops at a $22 million Series B in May 2021, but its blog is active: a 2026 post announces a Leader position in Gartner's inaugural Magic Quadrant for Competitive and Market Intelligence Platforms and a run of AI features. Read the blog, not the news page, before judging momentum.

01The short answer

Crayon is the competitive intelligence platform to buy when the job is coverage: many competitors, many channels, and a team whose problem is missing a move rather than delivering a card. Its Aggregate module reads website and pricing changes, news, review sites, job postings and your own call recordings, its AI scores what matters, and its Measure module is the best argument in the category for proving to a CFO that battlecards influenced revenue. G2’s 385 reviews at 4.6 back that up, and the praise is consistent: breadth, support, and battlecards landing where sellers already work.

The cost of breadth is noise, and Crayon’s reviews, Reddit threads and its own product pages all say so in their own way. The tool needs a curator. A one-person CI team supporting a large sales organisation told r/ProductMarketing they often leave Crayon to find intel it missed or buried. Crayon answered that problem with a morning digest, importance scoring and Sparks, and its customers who have a person to run those features love it. Its customers who do not, switch it off or never buy it.

Two things a buyer should weigh that the vendor-written reviews skip. Crayon has no MCP server on any page we could find, while its closest rival leads its homepage with one. And Crayon’s public record is uneven: its news page stops in March 2024 and its last funding was May 2021, while its blog announces a Gartner Magic Quadrant Leader position in 2026 and a stream of AI releases. Neither is disqualifying. Both belong in a renewal conversation.

02What Crayon is, from its own pages

Crayon is a Boston company founded in 2014 by HubSpot alumni; its co-founder and CEO Jonah Lopin appears throughout its early coverage. Its news page, read on 4 September 2026, records a $3.35 million seed in October 2016, $5 million from Baseline Ventures in April 2018, a $6 million Series A led by Bedrock in February 2019, and a $22 million Series B in May 2021. Tracxn puts the total at $39.5 million. The most recent press release on the page is the appointment of a Senior Vice President of Product on 6 March 2024. SOC 2 Type II was completed in February 2022. The blog is where the recent record lives: a 2026 post announces that Gartner named Crayon a Leader in its inaugural Magic Quadrant for Competitive and Market Intelligence Platforms, names Dropbox, ZoomInfo, Outreach, CloudZero, Zapier, The Standard and Workday as enterprise clients, and lists listening agents for Slack and Teams, an AI refinement layer, automated Win Stories and a website tracking agent as recent releases.

The homepage on the day pitches “Crayon AI mines intel from your data, creates instant content, and enables your reps with talk tracks and sales plays”, and organises the product into five modules: Aggregate, Organize, Publish, Enable and Measure. Aggregate monitors “your competitors’ entire digital footprint”, surfacing before-and-after page changes, and pulls what Crayon calls GTM Insights from Gong, Chorus, Clari and Slack, plus win/loss interview and survey findings. Publish and Enable are battlecards, announcements and newsletters delivered into Salesforce, Slack, Teams, Highspot, Seismic and a long list of others; the integrations page claims a CRM connection “takes 10 minutes max, and it never breaks”. Measure is the distinctive module: win rates by competitor, a Competitive Pipeline view of open opportunities at competitive risk, Seller Engagement correlating a rep’s win rate with battlecard views, a leaderboard, and influenced revenue.

Sparks is Crayon’s AI agent: “Stop manually sifting through competitor data.” It surfaces insights from product updates and messaging changes, analyses internal channels, creates refreshed battlecards, a sales email or a SWOT, flags outdated content, and runs on a schedule. Crayon Answers is conversational Q&A over the intel, tracked in Measure as queries. The AI Toolkit page for review analysis lists the review sources a Spark can read: G2, Capterra, TrustRadius, Trustpilot, Gartner Peer Insights and Glassdoor, over a 60 to 120 day window, with a prompt that asks for the top three strengths and weaknesses ranked by frequency with a representative quote.

Win-loss is the capability where Crayon and Klue diverge most. Crayon reads win/loss from CRM data and, since a July 2023 partnership, from Clozd; it does not interview buyers itself. The homepage numbers, “40% increase in battlecard adoption” at Alteryx, “$6 million in influenced revenue” at Cognism, “22% increase in competitive win rate” at Salsify, are customer case studies and we did not verify them.

03Crayon pricing in September 2026: a form, a Vendr median, and one customer's number

Crayon does not publish a price. On 4 September 2026 the pricing link resolved to a page headed “Crayon: Competitive Intelligence Without Limits” whose copy reads “Crayon’s pricing is tailored to the needs of your competitive intelligence program” and whose only content is a form asking for company size and CI goals. Everything below is a third party’s number or a customer’s.

SourceFigureBasisRead on
crayon.co/pricingNoneResolves to an inquiry form4 September 2026
Vendr benchmark$30,000 median, $12,700 to $46,000 range93 recorded purchases; priced by competitors tracked plus seats and tier4 September 2026
r/ProductMarketing, a current customerAbout $45,000 a year15 'pro' competitors with full digital footprint tracked; unlimited standard targets; unlimited seatsJune 2025 thread, fetched 4 September 2026
r/SaaS, nine-tool analysis$15,000 or more a yearAuthor's finding; 100-comment thread4 September 2026
r/SaaS, 60-founder survey post$20,000 to $40,000 a yearAuthor's figure for Klue and Crayon4 September 2026
r/Superframeworks$25,000 or more a yearA bootstrapper's stack post; 'not before' you have budget4 September 2026
Cotera and Playwise HQ blogs$25,000 low end to $100,000 enterprise; $15,000 to $20,000 entryVendors selling alternatives; unsourced estimates4 September 2026
$30,000
Vendr median annual contract, 93 purchases
$45,000
One customer's figure for 15 fully tracked competitors
0
Prices printed on crayon.co

The value metric is the story. Crayon sizes the contract by competitors tracked at full depth, and the customer’s comment makes the mechanics concrete: pro competitors get the full digital footprint, standard targets are unlimited, seats are unlimited. That is generous to a two-person team enabling two hundred sellers, and expensive to a startup in a fragmented market with thirty rivals that matter. Klue prices per user and is the mirror image. Know which shape you are before you take either quote.

04What G2 and Capterra say, and the Gartner themes

G2, fetched on 4 September 2026 under its listing slug crayon-crayon: 4.6 out of 5 on 385 reviews, 75 percent five-star and 23 percent four-star. Capterra, listed as Crayon Intel: 4.5 on 8 reviews, with value-for-money scores of 5, 3, 5, 5, 2 and 3 across the six that rated it. TrustRadius at /products/crayon returned a 404 and we did not locate another listing. Gartner Peer Insights shows 11 reviews in the search snippet; the page itself is bot-walled, so the themes below are as reported by a third party.

4.6 / 385
G2 score and review count
75%
G2 five-star share, 23% four-star
4.5 / 8
Capterra score and review count

G2 dislikes, in reviewers’ words. “It would be better if Crayon had a mobile app that Sales reps could use to quickly browse competitive insights when they’re away from their computers or during a client call.” “I wish they integrated with OpenAI but maybe they will have this in the future.” “It doesn’t integrate with google workspace for chat monitoring and we use zoom for all our conferencing.” “Our organization doesn’t use Salesforce as a CRM, so the Impact tool isn’t of use to us. This does leave a bit of a gap in integrating and understanding competitive win-loss with Crayon.” “I’d like to see more variation in the capabilities that Crayon provides including competitive insights beyond the digital landscape.” And the sharpest, from a recent review: “New CSM is barely there and has not been helpful, no suggestions for streamlining processes or driving adoption. AI features are not helpful, and too little too late compared to competitors. Very manual process of battlecard and intelligence maintenance, no help with standardizing templates. Planning to switch to another tool when our renewal is up. It is not worth the money.” Several reviewers report no dislikes.

Capterra splits the same way. The five-star reviews praise a search engine that finds CI news “missed by other tools such as Meltwater and Google Alerts” and daily notifications that help the sales team. The review titled “Good, but...” reads: “Poor customer service: once we selected the vendor, getting customer service, a project manager and an implementation timeline was almost non-existent. Clunky UI, hard to templatize and make layouts stick. Complicated workarounds are needed for tasks that other platforms seem to be able to perform.” Another: “Expensive for the full platform! Very cost prohibitive when considering upgrading our plan.” A third, who considered Klue: “Getting internal teams to consistently engage with Crayon Intel and contribute field intelligence can be difficult.”

Gartner Peer Insights themes, as summarised by Playwise HQ, a battlecard vendor, in its Klue versus Crayon comparison: “too much noise, not enough signal” as the most common complaint, and a recurring view that Crayon’s AI “is layered onto a legacy monitoring engine and can feel slower and less intelligent than newer LLM-native tools”. We could not read those 11 reviews ourselves, so treat the themes as reported rather than verified.

AI features are not helpful, and too little too late compared to competitors. Very manual process of battlecard and intelligence maintenance, no help with standardizing templates. Planning to switch to another tool when our renewal is up.
G2 review of Crayon, 2026, one of 385, fetched 4 September 2026

05What buyers say on Reddit

Attribution is to the subreddit only. Vendor-run subreddits and comments from people selling an alternative in the same thread are excluded, which removed roughly half the Crayon mentions we found.

The one-person CI team, r/ProductMarketing, April 2024, opening a 43-comment thread: “Currently we use Crayon, but we’ve experienced challenges with the Insights feature and filtering through all of the content in the tool.” Asked what they needed: “I primarily use Crayon to research competitors and build battlecards ... However, I often have to leave the tool to find the best information as they sometimes miss content/marketing we would want to track or they can be lost due to a lack of effective filtering ... I’m a one man team trying to support a large sales organization.” Six months later they reported back: they stayed. “We couldn’t find a good business case to replace Crayon as there didn’t seem to be a major difference between what’s out there and what we’re looking for and there would be additional costs for ripping + replacing the tool. Crayon has also come out with two new features which are interesting, Crayon Answers and Sparks.”

The advocate, r/ProductMarketing, June 2025: “I use Crayon and love it. It’s worth every penny, and even more so if you can get your Sales, Product and Marketing teams to actively use the content.” They list onboarding, a responsive customer success manager, integrations into Salesforce, Teams, Slack and Gong, usage reports that “create fantastic accountability”, and Sparks, “fantastic to review large amounts of insights very quickly”. Asked the price: “You pay for pro competitors, the ones that get the full digital footprint tracked. We are tracking 15 and it’s around $45k I think, for the year. You can have unlimited standard targets. They also allow you to have unlimited seats.” Their closing line is the one every Crayon thread converges on: “The key to success with any CI platform is internal adoption. Without that, it will just sit unused.”

The former user, r/ProductMarketing, September 2024, recommending a page-change tool instead: “I had access to Crayon at my previous saas role and liked it as well, but its not in the budget today.” The startup, r/marketing, July 2023: “We’re a rapidly growing B2B startup that has been utilizing Crayon for our competitive intelligence needs,” asking what else people use. The pricing consensus matches Klue’s because Reddit groups them: r/SaaS “the big name in competitive intelligence ... starting around $15K/year though. Clearly built for companies with 50+ employees and dedicated competitive intel teams”; r/DigitalMarketing “incredibly expensive ... $15k to $20k+ per year”; r/AskMarketing “built for enterprise sales teams, not for startups”; r/Superframeworks “Look at Crayon ($25K+/yr), but not before” you have exhausted a $50-a-month stack.

I often have to leave the tool to find the best information as they sometimes miss content/marketing we would want to track or they can be lost due to a lack of effective filtering. I'm a one man team trying to support a large sales organization.
via r/ProductMarketing, April 2024, a current Crayon customer who stayed after evaluating alternatives

06The noise problem, in Crayon's own words

Every source above lands on the same complaint, so it is worth reading how Crayon itself describes the product. The homepage: “Competitive intelligence shouldn’t feel like a chore.” “Start your day by reviewing the high-priority insights that Crayon automatically surfaces to your inbox.” “Efficiently analyze changes in your competitive landscape by sorting insights from high to low importance.” The Sparks page: “Stop manually sifting through competitor data.” The Aggregate page: “Every time you log into Crayon, our AI flags new insights worthy of your attention. No digging required.” A Paychex customer quoted on the Sparks page: “We have thousands of competitive insights that we need to review and curate constantly because we can’t miss any potential, relevant signals.”

That is a vendor selling the cure for its own side effect, and it is not a criticism: the breadth is why you buy Crayon, and thousands of insights is what breadth produces. The question for a buyer is whether the digest, the importance score and Sparks reduce the pile to something one person can curate in the time they have. The advocate on Reddit says yes, with Sparks doing the heavy lifting. The one-person team says they still leave the tool. Both are current customers. The difference between them, as far as we can tell from outside, is how much of a person’s week is available to run it.

07Agent readiness: Sparks, Answers, and no MCP server we could find

Agent readiness in this category means one thing in 2026: can a buyer’s own AI assistant call the product. Crayon’s homepage on 4 September 2026 links a recorded session titled “Connecting CI to AI Tools: learn how to embed competitive intel into ChatGPT, Glean, Copilot, and more”. Its Sparks page describes an agent that runs inside Crayon on a schedule and pushes outputs to Slack, Teams, Salesforce, Seismic and Highspot. Crayon Answers is conversational Q&A over the curated intel. A G2 reviewer this year wished Crayon “integrated with OpenAI”.

We found no MCP server on the homepage, the integrations page, the Sparks page, the Aggregate page or the Measure page. Playwise HQ’s comparison states that “Crayon markets an MCP server that feeds intel into ChatGPT, Glean, and Copilot” and cites crayon.co/sparks; that page, fetched the same day, contains no such statement. We are not saying Crayon has no MCP server. We are saying a buyer reading Crayon’s public pages cannot find one, while a buyer reading Klue’s cannot miss one: Klue’s homepage leads with “Klue is officially in the Claude Connector Directory”. On the one dimension where the two rivals are not neck and neck, Crayon is behind, or at least silent.

The point matters more than a feature checkbox. If your team works in Claude or Cursor, a vendor without an MCP server is a tab you open, and the reviews above say the tab that does not get opened is the one that gets switched off at renewal.

08Measured: what four AI engines say about Crayon

This section is ours and is labelled as such. On 4 September 2026 we ran our own Answer Radar project for linkeddit.com, 21 approved buying questions about competitive intelligence and AI visibility tools, through ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity via their official APIs with grounded search. One question was “What are the best Crayon alternatives?”; others asked for the best competitive intelligence tools for B2B SaaS, for product marketers, for small teams, and for tracking pricing changes and product launches. Counts are over samples with a successful response, per engine, because the methodology forbids averaging across engines.

EngineAnswers naming CrayonOf which recommendedPosition and share
Gemini754.5% share of voice, 7 of 156 vendor votes, tied with Klue. Semrush led the segment at 8.3%.
ChatGPT448.1% share of voice, 3 of 37 votes in the admissible set; first product named in every answer that named it. Tied with Semrush for the lead; no other CI vendor was close.
Claude433.8% share of voice, 4 of 104 votes; mean position 1.0 across the four answers naming it. Klue's mean position was 2.0.
Perplexity11Three admissible samples only; too few to read.

Sixteen answers named Crayon and thirteen recommended it, the most of any competitive intelligence vendor in our run; Klue had thirteen and eight. When an engine reaches for a CI platform to name first, it reaches for Crayon, and on Claude it did so every time. Two further measurements from the same run. Asked for Crayon alternatives, the admissible answers cited g2.com three times and alpha-sense.com twice, then a tail of software directories and small vendor blogs; crayon.co was cited zero times. And the fan-out shows what the engines searched before answering the broader B2B SaaS question: ChatGPT ran “Crayon competitive intelligence platform pricing features”, went looking for a price Crayon does not publish, and assembled its answer from the pages that do.

These are our measurements on our prompts, one run, one sample per prompt per engine. They are evidence of how the engines answered on that day, not a market share, and Crayon’s lead here says the engines have read a great many pages that name it, which is what a decade of category marketing buys.

09Crayon vs Linkeddit Compete, and when to pick Crayon

We sell a competitive intelligence product, so this comparison is interested. It is also specific, because the two products do different jobs at prices two orders of magnitude apart.

CrayonLinkeddit CompeteSource
Published priceNone; Vendr median $30,000 a year, priced by competitors tracked$99 a monthVendor pages, 4 September 2026
Core jobMonitor competitors' entire digital footprint, score importance, publish battlecards, measure influenced revenueA weekly graded brief per tracked competitor: moves, pricing, hiring, and user complaints mined from review sites, Reddit and blogsVendor pages
DeliverySalesforce, Slack, Teams, Highspot, Seismic, email digest; Sparks on a scheduleThe web app, email, and every capability over MCP in Claude, Cursor, VS Code, ChatGPTVendor pages
Win-lossFrom CRM data and a Clozd partnership; no interviewsNonecrayon.co, 4 September 2026
Program measurementCompetitive pipeline, Seller Engagement, leaderboard, influenced revenue (Salesforce-dependent)Nonecrayon.co/product/measure
AI answer visibilityNone on its pagesAnswer Radar: what ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity and Claude say about you and your competitors, with the fix loopVendor pages
Review-site miningReview Analysis Spark over G2, Capterra, TrustRadius, Trustpilot, Gartner PI, Glassdoor, 60 to 120 daysG2, Capterra, TrustRadius and Trustpilot complaints per competitor in the weekly briefcrayon.co/ai-toolkit
MCPNone found on its pages65 tools in one keyless OAuth 2.1 connector, 37 of them Answer RadarVendor pages, 4 September 2026
Who it is built forCI and PMM teams with an owner, watching many competitors, enabling a large sales orgFounders, small marketing teams, agencies without a five-figure lineReview sites, Reddit, our onboarding data

Pick Crayon over Linkeddit when you track more competitors than one person can watch by hand and missing a pricing change costs deals; when battlecards must land inside Salesforce, Highspot or Seismic for a large seller population; when you need to prove influenced revenue to leadership and you run Salesforce; and when a person will own the curation, because every satisfied review has one. Linkeddit does none of the seller-enablement work and measures no pipeline.

Pick Linkeddit over Crayon when the job is knowing what your competitors did this week and what their users are complaining about, at a price a small team can approve; when you also need to know what AI engines say when a buyer asks for the best tool in your category, because Crayon does not measure that and a rival vendor’s review calls it Crayon’s blind spot; and when you want the whole thing callable from the assistant you already use rather than a tab you have to remember to open.

See what your competitors did this week, and what the engines say about them

Linkeddit Compete is a weekly graded brief per tracked competitor mined from review sites, Reddit and blogs, with Answer Radar for AI answer visibility, at $99 a month, every capability callable over MCP. It is built for the gap Reddit keeps describing between free page-change alerts and a five-figure enterprise platform.
See Compete

10Verdict: is Crayon worth it?

Yes, for a competitive intelligence programme with an owner, many competitors and a sales organisation to enable. The breadth is real, the review base is large and positive, Sparks has turned at least one sceptical customer into a stayer, and the Measure module is the category’s best answer to the question every CI budget eventually gets asked. On our own measurement it is also the CI vendor the AI engines name first, which will keep sending it buyers.

No, for the teams Reddit describes, and no without a curator. The noise complaint is consistent across G2, Capterra, Gartner and Reddit, and Crayon’s own pages confirm the volume it is managing. Add a pricing model that scales with competitors tracked, a form where a price should be, silence on MCP while its closest rival leads with one, and a news page that stopped in March 2024 while the blog kept shipping, and a buyer has a specific list for the renewal call. Ask for the MCP roadmap and the per-competitor price in writing.

What we could not verify: any of Crayon’s customer outcome figures; the 11 Gartner Peer Insights reviews themselves; whether an MCP server exists behind the pages; a quote for any team size; and what a pro competitor includes beyond one customer’s description. What we did verify is dated, sourced, and above.

11Frequently asked questions

Frequently asked questions

How much does Crayon cost?+

Crayon publishes no price. On 4 September 2026 its pricing link resolved to an inquiry form headed "Crayon's pricing is tailored to the needs of your competitive intelligence program". Vendr's benchmark page, read the same day, puts the median annual contract at $30,000 across 93 purchases, range $12,700 to $46,000, priced by the number of competitors tracked plus seats and tier. A Crayon customer on r/ProductMarketing in June 2025 quoted about $45,000 a year for 15 fully tracked competitors with unlimited standard targets and unlimited seats.

Is Crayon worth it?+

For a competitive intelligence or product marketing team that needs to watch many competitors across many channels and push the result into Salesforce, Slack and Highspot, the review base says yes: 4.6 on G2 across 385 reviews, with support and breadth the recurring praise. The recurring complaint is the cost of that breadth: noise, filtering, and content that needs a curator. If you do not have a person to own it, or a five-figure line, Reddit's consistent answer is that Crayon is built for someone else.

What do Crayon users complain about?+

On G2, read on the day: no mobile app, no OpenAI integration, no Google Workspace chat monitoring, the Impact tool being useless without Salesforce, insights limited to the digital landscape, and one recent reviewer's 'AI features are not helpful, and too little too late compared to competitors. Very manual process of battlecard and intelligence maintenance.' On Capterra: a clunky UI that is hard to templatize, near-absent customer service during one implementation, and 'expensive for the full platform'. On Reddit: the Insights feature and filtering through all the content.

Does Crayon have an MCP server?+

Not on any page we read on the day. Crayon's homepage links a recorded webinar on embedding competitive intel into ChatGPT, Glean and Copilot, and its Sparks page describes an AI agent that creates and schedules content. One third-party comparison, written by a battlecard vendor, says Crayon markets an MCP server and cites the Sparks page; that page did not say so when we fetched it. Klue, by contrast, leads its homepage with an MCP server listed in the Claude Connector Directory. Ask Crayon directly.

What is the difference between Crayon and Klue?+

Crayon is monitoring first: its Aggregate module collects website changes, pricing updates, news, reviews, job postings and call recordings, scores them by importance, and its Measure module ties battlecard use to pipeline and influenced revenue. Klue is enablement and win-loss first, with human and AI buyer interviews Crayon does not run; Crayon's win-loss comes from CRM data and a Clozd partnership announced in July 2023. Both sit at a $30,000 Vendr median; Crayon prices by competitor, Klue per user. The full comparison is linked below.

How does Crayon compare to Linkeddit?+

Different jobs at different prices. Crayon is a competitive enablement platform for a team with a CI owner, at a five-figure annual contract. Linkeddit Compete is a weekly graded brief per tracked competitor mined from review sites, Reddit and blogs, plus Answer Radar for what AI engines say about you, at $99 a month, with every capability callable over MCP. Crayon does not measure AI answers; Linkeddit does not deliver battlecards into Salesforce or measure influenced revenue. The closing section says when each is the right call.